Business failure prediction using rough sets

A large number of methods like discriminant analysis, logit analysis, recursive partitioning algorithm, etc., have been used in the past for the prediction of business failure. Although some of these methods lead to models with a satisfactory ability to discriminate between healthy and bankrupt ®rms, they su€er from some limitations, often due to the unrealistic assumption of statistical hypotheses or due to a confusing language of communication with the decision makers. This is why we have undertaken a research aiming at weakening these limitations. In this paper, the rough set approach is used to provide a set of rules able to discriminate between healthy and failing ®rms in order to predict business failure. Financial characteristics of a large sample of 80 Greek ®rms are used to derive a set of rules and to evaluate its prediction ability. The results are very encouraging, compared with those of discriminant and logit analyses, and prove the usefulness of the proposed method for business failure prediction. The rough set approach discovers relevant subsets of ®nancial characteristics and represents in these terms all important relationships between the image of a ®rm and its risk of failure. The method analyses only facts hidden in the input data and communicates with the decision maker in the natural language of rules derived from his/her experience. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.